Final answer:
Key figures in the study of atoms include John Dalton, Democritus, Ernest Rutherford, and Thomson.
Explanation:
John Dalton was the first to propose a scientific theory of atoms based on the law of conservation of mass and the law of definite proportions. Other key figures in the study of atoms include Democritus, who suggested the existence of atoms in the fifth century BCE, Ernest Rutherford, known for his surprising discovery about the interior of the atom, and Thomson, whose work contributed to understanding the structure of atoms.
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