The sentence type is 'complete' with the subject identified as 'the great coal-mining and coal-carrying companies.'
The sentence type in the provided excerpt is 'complete.' A complete sentence contains a subject and a predicate, and it can stand alone as a sentence.
In the sentence, 'The great coal-mining and coal-carrying companies, which employed their tens of thousands, could easily dispense with the services of any particular miner,' the subject is 'the great coal-mining and coal-carrying companies.'
This sentence falls under the category of 'complete' sentences.
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