Final answer:
In the 19th century, capitalism led to the emergence of socialism and communism as alternative economic systems.
Explanation:
Capitalism was the economic system prevalent in the 19th century, characterized by private ownership of production. This led to the rise of socialism and communism as reactions to the inequalities brought by industrial capitalism. While socialism envisioned common ownership of production, communism aimed for a classless society under the control of the working class.
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