To determine how thermal energy would be transferred between different substances, we need to consider their temperatures and the modes of heat transfer such as conduction and radiation. Below, we'll detail the step-by-step analysis:
1. Temperatures of the substances:
- Substance W: [tex]\( 40^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Substance X: [tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Substance Y: [tex]\( 19^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Substance Z: [tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
2. Thermal energy transfer between Substance X and Substance Y:
- Substance X has a higher temperature ([tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]) compared to Substance Y ([tex]\( 19^{\circ}C \)[/tex]).
- Given that thermal energy transfer by radiation is more significant when there is a temperature difference, and considering environmental factors, Substance X will transfer thermal energy to Substance Y mainly through radiation.
3. Thermal energy transfer between Substance Y and Substance Z:
- Substance Y ([tex]\( 19^{\circ}C \)[/tex]) has a lower temperature compared to Substance Z ([tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]).
- When analyzing their temperatures, particularly in the context provided, Substance Y will not transfer thermal energy to Substance Z through conduction, since the temperature difference and physical conditions do not favor conduction in this case.
4. Thermal energy transfer between Substance X and Substance W:
- Substance X ([tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]) has a lower temperature than Substance W ([tex]\( 40^{\circ}C \)[/tex]).
- Despite the proximity, the significant heat difference implies that Substance X will transfer thermal energy to Substance W through radiation, as radiation is considerable over short distances between substances at different temperatures.
5. Thermal energy transfer between Substance W and Substance X:
- Substance W ([tex]\( 40^{\circ}C \)[/tex]) has a higher temperature compared to Substance X ([tex]\( 37^{\circ}C \)[/tex]).
- When mixed, the temperature difference and the specific conditions indicate that Substance W will transfer thermal energy to Substance X through conduction due to direct contact and close temperature differential.
Thus, the corresponding modes of thermal energy transfer for each pair of substances are as follows:
1. Substance X to Substance Y: Radiation ('rad').
2. Substance Y to Substance Z: No significant transfer ('no').
3. Substance X to Substance W: Radiation ('rad').
4. Substance W to Substance X: Conduction ('con').
These conclusions match the given analysis, elucidating the specific conditions and properties influencing heat transfer between the substances.
