Use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains. Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.

\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& A & B & C & D \\
\hline
Order Accurate & 326 & 272 & 231 & 135 \\
\hline
Order Not Accurate & 32 & 53 & 35 & 12 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

If two orders are selected, find the probability that they are both from Restaurant D.

a. Assume that the selections are made with replacement. Are the events independent?

b. Assume that the selections are made without replacement. Are the events independent?

The probability of getting two orders from Restaurant D is [tex]$\square$[/tex]. The events [tex]$\square$[/tex] independent because choosing the first order [tex]$\square$[/tex] the probability of the choice of the second order.

(Do not round until the final answer. Round to four decimal places as needed.)



Answer :

Let's address the problem step-by-step, incorporating the provided data and final answer.

### Step 1: Understanding the Data
The table gives us the number of accurate and non-accurate orders for four different restaurants:

[tex]\[ \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|} \hline & A & B & C & D \\ \hline Order Accurate & 326 & 272 & 231 & 135 \\ \hline Order Not Accurate & 32 & 53 & 35 & 12 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \][/tex]

### Step 2: Total Orders Calculation
To find the total number of orders for each restaurant, we add the number of accurate and not accurate orders:

- For Restaurant A: [tex]\( 326 + 32 = 358 \)[/tex]
- For Restaurant B: [tex]\( 272 + 53 = 325 \)[/tex]
- For Restaurant C: [tex]\( 231 + 35 = 266 \)[/tex]
- For Restaurant D: [tex]\( 135 + 12 = 147 \)[/tex]

So, the total orders from each restaurant are:
[tex]\[ \{ 'A': 358, 'B': 325, 'C': 266, 'D': 147 \} \][/tex]

### Step 3: Total Orders from All Restaurants
Next, we sum these totals to get the total number of orders from all restaurants:
[tex]\[ 358 + 325 + 266 + 147 = 1096 \][/tex]

### Step 4: Probability of Selecting an Order from Restaurant D
The probability of selecting a single order from Restaurant D is:
[tex]\[ \frac{147}{1096} \approx 0.1341 \][/tex]

### Step 5: Probability of Two Orders from Restaurant D with Replacement
When selections are made with replacement, the events are independent. The probability of selecting two orders from Restaurant D with replacement is:
[tex]\[ P(\text{D and D with replacement}) = 0.1341 \times 0.1341 \approx 0.0180 \][/tex]

### Step 6: Probability of Two Orders from Restaurant D without Replacement
When selections are made without replacement, the events are dependent. The probability of selecting two orders from Restaurant D without replacement is:
[tex]\[ P(\text{D and D without replacement}) = \frac{147}{1096} \times \frac{146}{1095} \approx 0.0179 \][/tex]

### Summarizing the Results:
a. The probability of getting two orders from Restaurant D with replacement is [tex]\( 0.017989270872182852 \)[/tex], rounded to four decimal places, [tex]\( 0.0180 \)[/tex]. The events are independent because choosing the first order does not affect the probability of choosing the second order.

b. The probability of getting two orders from Restaurant D without replacement is [tex]\( 0.017883211678832115 \)[/tex], rounded to four decimal places, [tex]\( 0.0179 \)[/tex]. The events are not independent because choosing the first order affects the probability of choosing the second order.

### Filling in the Blanks:
The probability of getting two orders from Restaurant [tex]\( D \)[/tex] is [tex]\( 0.0180 \)[/tex] with replacement, and the events _are_ independent because choosing the first order _does not affect_ the probability of the choice of the second order.

The probability of getting two orders from Restaurant [tex]\( D \)[/tex] is [tex]\( 0.0179 \)[/tex] without replacement, and the events _are not_ independent because choosing the first order _affects_ the probability of the choice of the second order.