To determine which of the given molecules has a bent shape, let's analyze the molecular geometry of each option:
A. [tex]\( BeCl_2 \)[/tex]
- Beryllium chloride ([tex]\( BeCl_2 \)[/tex]) has a linear shape. Beryllium in [tex]\( BeCl_2 \)[/tex] forms two single bonds with chlorine atoms and has no lone pairs of electrons, leading to a 180-degree bond angle.
B. [tex]\( CO_2 \)[/tex]
- Carbon dioxide ([tex]\( CO_2 \)[/tex]) also has a linear shape. The carbon atom forms two double bonds with two oxygen atoms. Since there are no lone pairs of electrons on the central carbon atom, the molecule has a 180-degree bond angle.
C. [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex]
- Ammonia ([tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex]) has a trigonal pyramidal shape. The nitrogen atom in [tex]\( NH_3 \)[/tex] forms three single bonds with hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. This lone pair pushes the hydrogen atoms down, creating a pyramidal structure with bond angles of approximately 107 degrees.
D. [tex]\( H_2O \)[/tex]
- Water ([tex]\( H_2O \)[/tex]) has a bent shape. The oxygen atom forms two single bonds with hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons. The presence of these lone pairs creates a repulsion that leads to a bent structure with a bond angle of about 104.5 degrees.
Considering the molecular geometry of each molecule, the correct answer is:
D. [tex]\( H_2O \)[/tex]
