1. Which of the following best describes the creation of a disease through non-disjunction?

A. Down's syndrome is caused by errors in chromosomal segregation during meiosis.
B. Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutations in the gene sequence that cause proteins to alter their structure.
C. When gametes only have one copy of each chromosome, the fertilized egg will be haploid.
D. Type 1 Diabetes restricts the ability of an organism to transcribe the gene sequence that codes for insulin.

Nondisjunction in meiosis leads to genetic disorders like Down syndrome, which involves an extra chromosome 21. Chromosomal disorders often involve the X chromosome due to its size disparity with the Y chromosome.

Explanation:

Nondisjunction is the failure of replicated chromosomes to separate correctly during meiosis, leading to genetic disorders caused by abnormal chromosome numbers. An example is Down syndrome, where an individual inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21 due to non-disjunction. Most chromosomal disorders, including Down syndrome, involve the X chromosome due to the differences in size between the X and Y chromosomes, making non-disjunction of sex chromosomes relatively common.

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