Birds with larger beaks are favored in scenarios where hard seeds are the main food source, leading to directional selection and an increase in beak size over generations.
Directional selection toward birds with larger beaks would occur in scenario D, where a drought kills grasses, leaving only hard seeds from trees. In this situation, birds with larger beaks, better equipped to crack hard seeds, would have a higher chance of survival and reproduction, leading to an increase in average beak size in the finch population over time.
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