Answer :

Final answer:

James Prescott Joule's experiments disproved the caloric theory by demonstrating the direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy.


Explanation:

James Prescott Joule's experiments to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat provided evidence that challenged the caloric theory. By using a system of weights to stir water and measuring the mechanical energy deficit, he established the direct conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy, thus disproving the idea of caloric as a weightless fluid.


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