Certainly! Let's solve this question step by step according to Mendelian genetics principles.
### Step-by-Step Solution
P Generation:
The P generation, or parental generation, consists of true breeding parents with opposite traits. For pea plants:
- One parent has yellow seeds (dominant trait).
- One parent has green seeds (recessive trait).
Given this, we evaluate the following:
1. The P generation has all yellow seeds.
- False. One parent has yellow seeds and one parent has green seeds.
2. The P generation has all green seeds.
- False. One parent has yellow seeds and one parent has green seeds.
3. The P generation has yellow and green seeds.
- True. The P generation includes both a parent with yellow seeds and a parent with green seeds.
[tex]$F_1$[/tex] Generation:
When these two true breeding parents are crossed, the [tex]$F_1$[/tex] generation results:
- All offspring will be heterozygous, inheriting one dominant allele (yellow) and one recessive allele (green).
- Since yellow is dominant, all [tex]$F_1$[/tex] offspring will display yellow seeds.
Given this, we evaluate the following:
4. The [tex]$F_1$[/tex] generation has yellow and green seeds.
- False. All [tex]$F_1$[/tex] generation seeds will be yellow due to the dominance of the yellow allele.
5. The [tex]$F_1$[/tex] generation has all yellow seeds.
- True. All seeds will be yellow.
[tex]$F_2$[/tex] Generation:
When [tex]$F_1$[/tex] individuals are crossed, the [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation results, showing a 3:1 ratio favoring the dominant trait (yellow seeds):
- 75% of the seeds will be yellow (dominant).
- 25% of the seeds will be green (recessive).
Given this, we evaluate the following:
6. The [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation has all green seeds.
- False. The [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation will have both yellow and green seeds.
7. The [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation has yellow and green seeds.
- True. The [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation will display a ratio of 3:1 with yellow seeds to green seeds.
### Summary
The statements that are true based on the given conditions are:
- The P generation has yellow and green seeds.
- The [tex]$F_1$[/tex] generation has all yellow seeds.
- The [tex]$F_2$[/tex] generation has yellow and green seeds.
Thus, the final list of true statements is:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. True
