Last night, Dylan heard a loud crash on the street. She did nothing, and none of her neighbors did either. This is the tendency for people to avoid getting involved in an emergency they witness because they assume someone else will help.

A. halo effect
B. self-serving bias
C. just-world hypothesis
D. bystander effect

The bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility explain why individuals may hesitate to help in emergencies when others are present. Overcoming these factors can lead to prosocial behavior and effective intervention.

Explanation:

Bystander Effect: The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which individuals do not offer help to a victim in an emergency situation when they believe others are present and will assist. This is due to diffusion of responsibility, where each bystander assumes someone else will take action, leading to inaction.

Diffusion of Responsibility: This concept explains why people are less likely to help in groups - responsibility is spread out, leading to decreased likelihood of individual intervention. The presence of more bystanders can reduce the perceived sense of personal responsibility to act.

Prosocial Behavior: While the bystander effect can result in inaction, there are instances where bystanders do intervene to help, especially when the diffusion of responsibility is overcome, and individuals take action effectively.

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