Let's proceed with balancing the given chemical equations step-by-step:
### 1) [tex]\( NH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow HNO_3 + H_2O \)[/tex]
- Ammonia reacts with oxygen to form nitric acid and water.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 4NH_3 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 4HNO_3 + 6H_2O\][/tex]
### 2) [tex]\( SiO_2 + C \rightarrow Si + CO \)[/tex]
- Silicon dioxide reacts with carbon to produce silicon and carbon monoxide.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ SiO_2 + 2C \rightarrow Si + 2CO\][/tex]
### 3) [tex]\( CaCO_3 + HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2 \)[/tex]
- Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ CaCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2\][/tex]
### 4) [tex]\( P + Cl_2 \rightarrow PCl_3 \)[/tex]
- Phosphorus reacts with chlorine to form phosphorus trichloride.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2P + 3Cl_2 \rightarrow 2PCl_3\][/tex]
### 5) [tex]\( Fe_2O_3 + H_2 \rightarrow Fe + H_2O \)[/tex]
- Iron(III) oxide reacts with hydrogen to produce iron and water.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2Fe + 3H_2O\][/tex]
### 6) [tex]\( C_6H_{14} + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O \)[/tex]
- Hexane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Balanced equation:
[tex]\[ 2C_6H_{14} + 19O_2 \rightarrow 12CO_2 + 14H_2O\][/tex]
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### V. Naming Alkanes
To name alkanes, follow the IUPAC nomenclature rules:
1. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and name it based on the number of carbon atoms.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to a substituent group.
3. Name and number the substituent groups attached to the main chain.
4. Combine the names and numbers of the substituents with the base name of the main chain.
Examples:
1. [tex]\( CH_4 \)[/tex]: Methane
2. [tex]\( C_2H_6 \)[/tex]: Ethane
3. [tex]\( C_3H_8 \)[/tex]: Propane
4. [tex]\( C_4H_{10} \)[/tex]: Butane
5. [tex]\( C_5H_{12} \)[/tex]: Pentane
6. [tex]\( C_6H_{14} \)[/tex]: Hexane (already given as part of the question)
Make sure to apply these rules to name any given alkane, considering the possible presence of branched chains and substituents.
