Let's analyze the characteristics and treatments of each substance to determine the correct statement.
1. Substance 1 was heated and then placed in an ice bath. This suggests that heating activates the substance, while placing it in an ice bath inactivates it.
2. Substance 2 was initially in a salt solution with a concentration of 2 M, and then placed in a solution with a concentration of 4 M. This indicates that the change in concentration (from 2 M to 4 M) is responsible for activating the substance.
3. Substance 3 was hammered and broken into pieces. Breaking the substance into pieces increases its surface area because smaller pieces have more surface area relative to their volume.
Given this analysis, let's match our observations with the provided options:
\- Option 1: Substance 1 was activated by a decrease in temperature, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 decreased the surface area.
- Incorrect. Substance 1 is activated by heat, not by a decrease in temperature, and breaking it into pieces increases, not decreases, the surface area.
\- Option 2: Substance 1 was activated by a decrease in temperature, Substance 2 was activated by the change in pressure, and Substance 3 increased the surface area.
- Incorrect. Substance 1 is not activated by a decrease in temperature, and the concentration change, not pressure, activated Substance 2.
\- Option 3: Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in pressure, and Substance 3 decreased the surface area.
- Incorrect. Although it correctly describes Substance 1, it incorrectly states that Substance 2 was activated by pressure change and that Substance 3 decreased surface area.
\- Option 4: Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 increased the surface area.
- Correct. This option accurately describes that Substance 1 is activated by heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 is activated by a change in concentration, and that breaking Substance 3 into pieces increases its surface area.
Therefore, the correct statement explaining the treatments is:
Substance 1 was activated by the heat and inactivated by ice, Substance 2 was activated by the change in concentration, and Substance 3 increased the surface area.
The correct answer is:
Option 4.
