Final answer:
Surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, facilitating easier inflation. Without surfactant, alveoli face difficulty inflating, leading to health conditions like hyaline membrane disease.
Explanation:
Surfactant works like a detergent to reduce the surface tension in the alveoli, allowing for easier inflation of the airways. Without surfactant production, the alveoli would have difficulty inflating, leading to conditions like hyaline membrane disease in newborns born prematurely. The lack of surfactant would result in the alveoli being difficult to open for the next inspiration due to tissues sticking together.
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