Final answer:
A lumbar puncture is the procedure involving needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, commonly used in diagnosing diseases such as meningitis.
Explanation:
Lumbar puncture is the procedure that involves needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes. This technique is crucial in diagnosing conditions like meningitis, where cerebrospinal fluid is withdrawn from the lower lumbar region of the spinal column for analysis for the presence of pathogens.
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