Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
A reaction proceeds with 2.72 moles of magnesium chlorate and 3.14 moles of sodium hydroxide. This is the equation: [tex]Mg(ClO_3)_2 + 2 NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2 + 2 NaClO_3[/tex]
Determine the theoretical amount of each product that the reaction will produce.
The reaction will produce [tex]$\square$[/tex] moles of magnesium hydroxide and [tex]$\square$[/tex] moles of sodium chlorate.
1. Stoichiometry: From the balanced equation, we can see the stoichiometric ratios: - 1 mole of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex] - 1 mole of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex] produces 1 mole of [tex]\(\text{Mg(OH)}_2\)[/tex] - 1 mole of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex] produces 2 moles of [tex]\(\text{NaClO}_3\)[/tex]
2. Determine the Limiting Reagent: - Given moles of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex] = 2.72 moles - Given moles of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex] = 3.14 moles
Since it takes 2 moles of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex] to react with 1 mole of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex], for 2.72 moles of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex], we would need: [tex]\( 2 \times 2.72 = 5.44 \)[/tex] moles of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex].
Given only 3.14 moles of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex], it is clear that [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex] is the limiting reagent.
The amount of [tex]\(\text{NaOH}\)[/tex] available should be divided by its stoichiometric coefficient (which is 2) to find out how many moles of [tex]\(\text{Mg(ClO}_3)_2\)[/tex] it can actually fully react with: [tex]\( \frac{3.14}{2} = 1.57 \)[/tex] moles.
3. Calculate the Theoretical Yield of Products: - The moles of [tex]\(\text{Mg(OH)}_2\)[/tex] formed will be equal to the moles of the limiting reagent (calculated above): 1.57 moles. - The moles of [tex]\(\text{NaClO}_3\)[/tex] formed will be twice the moles of the limiting reagent: [tex]\( 2 \times 1.57 = 3.14 \)[/tex] moles.
Based on this reasoning, select the correct values from each drop-down menu.
The reaction will produce 1.57 moles of magnesium hydroxide and 3.14 moles of sodium chlorate.
