Let's analyze the given specific heats to answer the questions step-by-step.
We have a chart listing specific heats for various materials:
- Aluminum: 0.90 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Iron: 0.44 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Lead: 0.16 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Sand: 0.83 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Steel: 0.49 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Wood: 1.80 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
- Water: 4.18 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]
Step 1: Identify the material with the highest specific heat.
By comparing all the specific heats listed, we see that water has the highest specific heat value of 4.18 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex].
Step 2: Identify the material with the lowest specific heat.
By comparing all the specific heats listed, we see that lead has the lowest specific heat value of 0.16 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex].
Step 3: Identify the material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum in the same environment (same mass and temperature).
First, calculate twice the specific heat of aluminum:
[tex]\[ 2 \times 0.90 = 1.80 \][/tex]
Next, look for a material that has a specific heat close to [tex]\( 1.80 \)[/tex] [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex]. From the list, wood has a specific heat of 1.80 [tex]\( J / (g \cdot ^\circ C) \)[/tex], which matches our requirement.
Concluding Answers:
1. The material with the highest specific heat is water.
2. The material with the lowest specific heat is lead.
3. The material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is wood.
Hence, the answers are:
- Highest specific heat: Water
- Lowest specific heat: Lead
- Material absorbing twice as much heat as aluminum: Wood
