Answer:
Let's classify each substance based on whether they form ions in aqueous solution:
a. NaOH (aq): Sodium hydroxide dissociates completely into ions in aqueous solution.
Forms ions: All ions (Na⁺ and OH⁻)
b. H₂O (l): Water itself does not ionize in pure liquid form (though it can ionize to a very small extent in a process called autoionization).
Forms ions: No ions
c. HF (aq): Hydrofluoric acid partially dissociates into ions in aqueous solution.
Forms ions: Some ions (H⁺ and F⁻)
d. HBr (aq): Hydrobromic acid dissociates completely into ions in aqueous solution.
Forms ions: All ions (H⁺ and Br⁻)
e. Na₂SO₄ (aq): Sodium sulfate dissociates completely into ions in aqueous solution.
Forms ions: All ions (Na⁺, SO₄²⁻)
Summary of ion formation:
a. NaOH (aq): All ions (Na⁺, OH⁻)
b. H₂O (l): No ions
c. HF (aq): Some ions (H⁺, F⁻)
d. HBr (aq): All ions (H⁺, Br⁻)
e. Na₂SO₄ (aq): All ions (Na⁺, SO₄²⁻)
Explanation: