The concept being described in the quotation is the separation of powers within a government as outlined by Baron de Montesquieu.
Separation of powers refers to the division of governmental responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. In the quote by Baron de Montesquieu, the concept of separation of powers is highlighted through the three types of power within a government: legislative, executive (in relation to the law of nations), and executive (in matters of civil law).
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