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On an island, finches that fed on large, hard seeds had large beaks. Finches with small beaks fed on small, soft seeds. A drought changed the vegetation on the island. After this period, the number of seeds declined. The decrease in small, soft seeds was greater than the decrease in large, hard seeds. What are two ways the decrease in seed availability will affect the population of birds on the island?

A. The population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island.
B. The population of birds with small beaks will increase on the island.
C. The trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.
D. The trait for small beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.
E. The population of birds with large beaks and birds with small beaks will be equal on the island.

Natural selection favoring larger beaks in finches with declining small soft seeds and subsequent survival advantage for large-billed birds exhibit evolution in response to changes in food availability. This adaptation caused a shift in average beak size towards larger beaks within the finch population. The inheritance of beak size through surviving large-billed birds passing on the trait to their offspring illustrates evolution driven by natural selection.

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