Answered

1. Give the correct biological term for each of the following:

1.1 Blood vessels made up of a single layer of endothelial cells
1.2 A type of blood system where the blood never leaves the blood vessels
1.3 The path followed by the blood when it supplies and drains the heart muscles
1.4 A vein which carries blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium
1.5 A single large vein which carries blood to the liver

(5)

2. Tabulate FOUR differences between arteries and veins.

(9)

3.1 What is meant by the term "double circulation"?

3.2 Briefly describe the two circuits or circulations involved.

3.3 Draw a diagram to show double circulation.

(3)
(6)
(7)

4. Describe systemic circulation.

(10)

5. List THREE functions of the blood system.

(3)



Answer :

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Final answer:

This answer provides definitions and explanations for terms related to blood vessels, circulatory systems, double circulation, systemic circulation, and functions of the blood system.


Explanation:

1.1 - The correct biological term for blood vessels made up of a single layer of endothelial cells is capillaries.

1.2 - The type of blood system where blood never leaves the blood vessels is known as a closed circulatory system.

1.3 - The path followed by the blood when it supplies and drains the heart muscles is the coronary circulation.

1.4 - A vein that carries blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium is the superior vena cava.

1.5 - The single large vein that carries blood to the liver is called the hepatic portal vein.

2. Tabulation of Arteries vs. Veins:

  • Arteries
  • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
  • Thicker walls with smooth muscle and elastic fibers
  • No valves present
  • Carry blood under high pressure
  • Veins
  • Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
  • Thinner walls with less muscle and elastic fibers
  • Contain valves to prevent backflow
  • Carry blood under low pressure

3. Double Circulation:

3.1 - Double circulation refers to the process in which blood flows through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body.

3.2 - Systemic circulation involves oxygenated blood pumped from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood returned to the heart, while pulmonary circulation routes blood between the heart and the lungs for oxygen exchange.

3.3 - Diagram of double circulation can be visually depicted with two separate loops; one illustrating pulmonary circulation and the other systemic circulation.

4. Systemic Circulation:

Systemic circulation refers to the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues and cells, and collects deoxygenated blood back to the heart for reoxygenation.

5. Functions of the Blood System:

  • Transportation of nutrients, gases, and waste products
  • Regulation of body temperature and pH balance
  • Clotting to prevent excessive bleeding

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