A natural monopoly occurs when economies of scale lead to a single efficient producer dominating the market due to cost advantages. Industries like water and electricity distribution exemplify this concept.
Natural monopolies often arise in industries where economies of scale are significant. As output increases, the average total cost declines continuously, giving the monopolist a cost advantage over competitors. For example, in industries like water or electricity distribution, high fixed costs and low marginal costs make it more efficient for one producer to serve the entire market.
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