New species form through reproductive isolation and genetic changes at key gene loci driven by various mechanisms.
Reproductive isolation is essential for new species to form. This occurs when populations become geographically isolated and evolve differences over time, preventing interbreeding.
Genetic changes at a few gene loci can lead to speciation. For instance, a single mutation affecting traits like flower color can create reproductive barriers.
Mechanisms such as allopatric speciation, habitat isolation, natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift drive the divergence of populations, forming new species.
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