Cysteine
Alanine
Glycine
Proline
Threonine
Serine
Tyrosine
Amino acid
Isoleucine
Leucine
Valine
Phenylalanine
mRNA codons that encode for the amino acid
AUU, AUC, AUA - Isoleucine
CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG, UUA, UUG - Leucine
GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG - Valine
UUU, UUC - Phenylalanine
AUG - Methionine (also the start codon)
UGU, UGC - Cysteine
GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG - Alanine
GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG - Glycine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG - Proline
ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG - Threonine
UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC - Serine
UAU, UAC - Tyrosine
UGG - Tryptophan
CAA, CAG - Glutamine
AAU, AAC - Asparagine
CAU, CAC - Histidine
GAA, GAG - Glutamic acid
GAU, GAC - Aspartic acid
AAA, AAG - Lysine
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG - Arginine
UAA, UAG, UGA - Stop codons
17. How might a gene mutation be silent, with no observable effect on a cell or an organism?
A. Many proteins are superfluous to the function of a cell. A gene mutation in a gene that encodes an unnecessary protein would have no observable effect on the cell or the organism.
B. Many amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. A gene mutation that encodes the same amino acid would have no observable effect on the cell or the organism.
C. Codons are complementary to anticodons in tRNA. A gene mutation that changes a codon to its anticodon would have no observable effect on the cell or the organism.
D. Several codons are stop codons. A gene mutation that inserts a stop codon when only a few amino acids remain in the peptide sequence would have no observable effect on the cell or the organism.