Final answer:
Empirical laws, such as Kepler's laws of planetary motion, rely solely on observational data without theoretical underpinnings.
Explanation:
Empirical laws are based entirely on observational data without a theoretical framework behind them. Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion, derived from Tycho Brahe's observations, are prime examples of such laws. Kepler's laws describe planetary orbits as ellipses, with equal area swept in equal intervals, and a relationship between orbital period and semi-major axis.
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