To determine which substances will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], we need to look at the freezing points of the substances provided in the table. A substance will solidify (or freeze) when the temperature drops to or below its freezing point.
Here are the freezing points given:
- Benzene: [tex]\(5.50^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Water: [tex]\(0.00^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Butane: [tex]\(-138^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\(-210^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
We need to identify the substances with freezing points below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex]:
1. Benzene: The freezing point is [tex]\(5.50^{\circ} C\)[/tex]. Since [tex]\(5.50^{\circ} C\)[/tex] is above [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], benzene will not solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
2. Water: The freezing point is [tex]\(0.00^{\circ} C\)[/tex]. Since [tex]\(0.00^{\circ} C\)[/tex] is exactly [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], water will start to solidify exactly at [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], not before.
3. Butane: The freezing point is [tex]\(-138^{\circ} C\)[/tex]. Since [tex]\(-138^{\circ} C\)[/tex] is well below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], butane will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
4. Nitrogen: The freezing point is [tex]\(-210^{\circ} C\)[/tex]. Since [tex]\(-210^{\circ} C\)[/tex] is far below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], nitrogen will also solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
Therefore, the substances that will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex] are:
- Butane
- Nitrogen
