Final answer:
Imperialism in the 19th century was driven by political, cultural, and economic motives. Social Darwinism and racism were ideologies used by Europeans to justify and enforce colonial dominance.
Explanation:
The causes of imperialism in the 19th century were driven by political, cultural, and economic motives. European nations sought to expand their territories, gain resources, and assert dominance over other countries.
Europeans used Social Darwinism to justify colonialism by applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies. They believed they were superior and had the right to conquer weaker nations in a civilizing mission.
Racism played a significant role in imperialism as Europeans viewed non-European peoples as inferior races. This belief contributed to the subjugation and exploitation of indigenous populations in colonized territories.
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