To determine which particle(s) is(are) most likely present in the space outside of the nucleus of an atom, let’s consider the properties of subatomic particles and their typical locations within an atom.
In an atom, we generally have three types of subatomic particles:
1. Protons (positively charged) - These reside in the nucleus of the atom.
2. Neutrons (no charge) - These also reside in the nucleus of the atom.
3. Electrons (negatively charged) - These are found in the space outside the nucleus, orbiting around it.
Given the charges of the unknown particles:
- Particle [tex]\(X\)[/tex] has a positive charge.
- Particle [tex]\(Y\)[/tex] has no charge.
- Particle [tex]\(Z\)[/tex] has a negative charge.
Since electrons, which are negatively charged, are known to exist in the space outside the nucleus, the most likely candidate among the given particles to be found outside the nucleus is the negatively charged particle, [tex]\(Z\)[/tex].
Neither positively charged particles (like [tex]\(X\)[/tex]), nor neutral particles (like [tex]\(Y\)[/tex]), are typically found in the space outside the nucleus; they are instead found inside the nucleus.
Therefore, the particle most likely present in the space outside the nucleus of the atom is only particle [tex]\(Z\)[/tex].
Hence, the answer is:
- Only particle [tex]\(Z\)[/tex].
