Ionic bonds form when atoms have specific electron properties leading to the transfer of electrons between them.
For an ionic bond to exist between two atoms, one atom must have a high electron affinity while the other has a low ionization energy. This creates a transfer of electrons resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are held together by electrostatic forces. This is exemplified in the bond between Sodium and Chlorine, where Sodium donates an electron to Chlorine, forming Na+ and Cl- ions which attract each other due to opposite charges.
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