Final answer:
The Fourteenth Amendment establishes the equal protection clause, which is essential in safeguarding civil rights and scrutinizing state regulations.
Explanation:
Amendment XIV: "nor shall any State... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." The equal protection clause is a crucial component of civil rights and is the Supreme Court's key tool in reviewing state regulations. This clause, primarily designed for states, has also been applied to the federal government by the Supreme Court.
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