Final answer:
Lichens are effective pioneer species after volcanic eruptions due to their ability to thrive on bare rock and facilitate the formation of soil, aiding in the establishment of other plant species.
Explanation:
Lichens are good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption because they can grow on bare rock, which is a primary feature of the landscape after the eruption. They play a crucial role in weathering the rock and forming soil, allowing other plants to eventually grow in the area. This process of primary succession involves lichens breaking down rocks into nutrient-rich soils over time.
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