In psychology, repression is the fundamental defense mechanism, aiming to keep distressing thoughts at bay. Rationalization and reaction formation are additional mechanisms used in similar contexts.
Repression is the most basic defense mechanism, involving pushing painful thoughts out of consciousness. An example of this could be someone avoiding thoughts of a past traumatic event by focusing on other things. Other defense mechanisms include rationalization, where excuses are made to distort the facts to make them less threatening, and reaction formation, where one displays behaviors opposite to their true feelings.
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