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13. Differentiate between fertilization and germination.

14. What is animal husbandry? How is it beneficial to farmers?

15. What is pasteurization? Which food item is preserved using pasteurization? How is pasteurization done?



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

HTST pasteurization and UHT treatment offer distinct advantages in food preservation, while salt and sugar aid in preserving food through osmosis.


Explanation:

Advantages of HTST pasteurization compared with sterilization:

HTST pasteurization:

  • In HTST pasteurization, the milk or food product is heated to a high temperature (usually around 161°F) for a short period of time (around 15 seconds) and then rapidly cooled.
  • This method preserves the flavor of the product better compared to sterilization, which involves higher heat levels and longer heating times that can alter the taste.

Advantages of UHT treatment:

UHT treatment:

  • Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment involves heating the product to temperatures around 280-302°F for 1-2 seconds, killing bacteria and spores.
  • One advantage of UHT treatment is that it results in a longer shelf life for the product without the need for refrigeration until opened.

    Salt or sugar preservation:

    Salt or sugar:

    • The addition of salt or sugar to food helps preserve it by creating a hypertonic environment that draws out water from microbes through osmosis, inhibiting their growth.
    • Both salt and sugar reduce the water activity of the food, making it less hospitable for microbial growth and spoilage.

    Learn more about food preservation here:

    https://brainly.com/question/47835714


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