Johannes Gutenberg, page from the Gutenberg Bible, page 162 recto with initials "M" and "E" and depiction of Alexander the Great; Mainz, 1455-56.

The Gutenberg Bible is the first substantial European book to benefit from the development of:

A. manuscript illumination, produced by hand coloring
B. woodcut, evident in the graphic floral embellishments in the margins
C. movable type, evident in the even columns of 42 lines
D. lampblack ink, evident in the Gothic font of the lettering

Movable type was the key development that allowed the Gutenberg Bible to be the first substantial European book benefiting from this innovation. Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press revolutionized book production, paving the way for commercial mass printing. The Gutenberg Bible, printed in 1455, ushered in the Gutenberg Revolution and significantly impacted literacy rates throughout Europe.

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