1. Discuss briefly the pharmaceutical importance of diffusion. (5 marks)

2. Write a short summary of the Diffusion Layer Model/Film Theory and Danckwert's Model/Penetration or Surface Renewal Theory. (7.5 marks)

3. Name five examples of radiopharmaceutical preparations and discuss the type of radiation emitted by each radiopharmaceutical and their purposes. (7.5 marks)

Diffusion is vital in pharmaceutical science, influencing drug absorption and distribution. The Diffusion Layer Model and Danckwert's Model explain drug dissolution processes. Radiopharmaceuticals like Technetium-99m and Iodine-131 emit specific radiation types for diagnosis and treatment purposes.

Explanation:

Pharmaceutical Importance of Diffusion:

Diffusion plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical science by allowing drugs to move across membranes, aiding their absorption, distribution, and elimination in the body.

Diffusion Layer Model:

The Diffusion Layer Model/Film Theory states that a stagnant layer surrounds a drug particle, affecting its dissolution and subsequent absorption into the body.

Danckwert's Model:

Danckwerts Model/Penetration Theory explains how the rate of drug dissolution depends on the drug's surface area and the concentration gradient at the drug-solution interface.

Radiopharmaceutical Preparation:

Technetium-99m: emits gamma radiation used in imaging to diagnose medical conditions.
Iodine-131: emits beta particles and gamma radiation for treating thyroid conditions.
Gallium-67: emits gamma radiation used to detect infection and tumors.
Fluorine-18: emits positrons used in PET scans to visualize metabolic activity.
Carbon-14: emits beta radiation and is used in metabolic studies and tracing.

Learn more about Diffusion, Drug Dissolution, Radiopharmaceuticals here:

https://brainly.com/question/44261469