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2. (a) Name three methods of disrupting cells before fractionation.
(b) Explain the reason(s) for using an isotonic sucrose solution as a medium during cell disruption.

3. (a) Distinguish between differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation.



Answer :

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Final answer:

Cell disruption methods and the use of isotonic sucrose solution explained, along with distinguishing differential and density centrifugation.


Explanation:

Three methods of disrupting cells before fractionation:

  1. Physical means: Grinding in a mortar and pestle, tissue grinder, ultrasound, high pressure.
  2. Chemical means: Enzymes or chemicals for selective plasma membrane degradation.
  3. Isotonic sucrose solution in cell disruption: By using an isotonic sucrose solution, cell disruption can occur without inducing hyper- or hypotonic lysis, facilitating the separation process.

Distinguishing between differential and density centrifugation:

Differential centrifugation: Separates cell components based on mass, while density centrifugation: is used to fractionate on organellar and suborganellar levels.


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