Final answer:
Mendelian inheritance, established by Gregor Mendel, lays the groundwork for modern genetics by defining how genes determine traits.
Explanation:
Mendelian inheritance is the foundation of modern genetics, established by Gregor Mendel through his pea plant experiments. Mendel's work revealed that traits are determined by genes and can be passed down through generations. He introduced the concepts of dominant and recessive traits, which explain how certain traits are expressed over others.
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