Gene flow does not contribute to evolution, while mutation, recombination, and fertilization play crucial roles in genetic variation and evolution.
Gene flow does not include a mechanism for evolution as it does not introduce new genetic variation into a population. On the other hand, mutation, recombination, and fertilization are mechanisms that contribute to genetic variation and evolution. For example, mutation is the original source of genetic variation in living organisms, providing raw material for natural selection to act upon.
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