The establishment of slavery in the western Atlantic world through the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, privileges of feme sole women in colonial America, and the impact of gendered labor division on justifications for slavery.
Slavery Establishment in the Western Atlantic World: Slavery in the western Atlantic world was primarily established through the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, where Europeans acquired slaves through trade with Africans who controlled trade into the interior. Captives were processed as cargo, kept in crowded rooms, and branded before being transported across the Atlantic.
Unique Privileges of Feme Sole Women: Feme sole women in colonial America, especially in the southern colonies, enjoyed privileges such as owning land, making contracts, conducting business, and participating in elections. This contrasted with the limited legal rights and privileges of feme covert (married) women.
Impact of Gendered Division of Labor: The association of a gendered division of labor with Englishness in colonial America contributed to justifications for the enslavement of Africans. This idealized division of labor reinforced societal hierarchies and inequalities.
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