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1. (a) Write a brief note on any four pioneer scholars of biogeography.

(OR)

(b) Write a short note on the four types of consumers within the energy flow of the trophic level.

2. (a) Briefly write on the evolution of vertebrates.

(OR)

(b)



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

The detailed answer covers the evolution of vertebrates and the types of consumers in trophic levels.


Explanation:

Evolution of Vertebrates:

The evolution of vertebrates traces back to aquatic organisms like fish, which gradually developed adaptations such as limbs to transition to land environments. Over time, vertebrates diversified into various classes like amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with unique characteristics and evolutionary pathways.

Four Types of Consumers in Trophic Levels:

  1. Primary Producers: Organisms like plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
  2. Primary Consumers: Herbivores that feed directly on producers.
  3. Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat primary consumers.
  4. Tertiary Consumers: Predators at the highest trophic level that consume other consumers.

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