Let's go through the given data step by step to answer the questions:
1. Which material has the highest specific heat?
To find the material with the highest specific heat, we need to look at the specific heat values of all the listed materials and identify the one with the highest value. According to the chart, the specific heat values are as follows:
- Aluminum: 0.90 J/°C
- Iron: 0.44 J/°C
- Lead: 0.16 J/°C
- Sand: 0.83 J/°C
- Steel: 0.49 J/°C
- Wood: 1.80 J/°C
- Water: 4.18 J/°C
Among these values, the highest is 4.18 J/°C for water.
Thus, the material with the highest specific heat is water.
2. Which material has the lowest specific heat?
To determine the material with the lowest specific heat, we again look at the specific heat values and find the smallest value among them. The values are:
- Aluminum: 0.90 J/°C
- Iron: 0.44 J/°C
- Lead: 0.16 J/°C
- Sand: 0.83 J/°C
- Steel: 0.49 J/°C
- Wood: 1.80 J/°C
- Water: 4.18 J/°C
The smallest value here is 0.16 J/°C for lead.
Thus, the material with the lowest specific heat is lead.
3. Which material has the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum when placed in the same environment of mass and temperature?
To find this, we need to calculate twice the specific heat of aluminum and then find a material from the chart whose specific heat is at least this value. The specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/°C, so twice that value is:
[tex]\[ 0.90 \times 2 = 1.80 \, J/°C \][/tex]
Now, we look for a material with a specific heat of at least 1.80 J/°C. The specific heat values are:
- Aluminum: 0.90 J/°C
- Iron: 0.44 J/°C
- Lead: 0.16 J/°C
- Sand: 0.83 J/°C
- Steel: 0.49 J/°C
- Wood: 1.80 J/°C
- Water: 4.18 J/°C
Wood has a specific heat of exactly 1.80 J/°C.
So, the material that has the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is wood.
Summary:
- The material with the highest specific heat is water.
- The material with the lowest specific heat is lead.
- The material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is wood.
