Final answer:
Cortés was surprised by Tenochtitlán's sophistication, island location, and heavy fortifications.
Explanation:
Tenochtitlán, the capital city of the Aztec Empire, surprised Cortés with its sophistication, evident in its complex causeways, gardens, temples, and wealth in gold. The city's island location, innovative architectural design, and massive population size left Cortés in awe. Additionally, the heavy fortifications of Tenochtitlán, along with its extensive marketplaces and canals, showcased the city's advanced planning and construction.
Learn more about Aztec capital Tenochtitlán here:
https://brainly.com/question/32225371
