A nation without a state can arise in situations of cultural or ethnic cohesion. States and nations existed separately before the 19th century, and postcolonial nation-states were shaped by colonialism.
A nation without a state can arise under specific conditions such as cultural or ethnic cohesion without political sovereignty. This can be seen in regions where a distinct group of people share a common identity but lack a unified, independent government. In the case of Colombia, while it is a nation-state, there have been historical movements like FARC seeking a separate state for specific cultural groups.
States and nations existed separately before the 19th century because nations were often based on cultural or ethnic identities while states were political entities. The modern concept of the nation-state emerged when these two elements became more intertwined, leading to the formation of political units based on common cultural identities.
Postcolonial nation-states were shaped by colonialism, which imposed artificial borders and united diverse ethnic groups under one state. This has led to challenges in governance, as these nations had to navigate diverse cultural identities within their political boundaries.
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