Final answer:
The Enlightenment, a period of rationalism and philosophical movement in Europe promoting reason and science, with key figures like John Locke and Voltaire.
Explanation:
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a philosophical movement in 17th and 18th century Europe that emphasized rationalism. It promoted ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, constitutional government, and the separation of church and state. Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Voltaire challenged traditional beliefs and spread new ideas advocating reason and science.
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