Enumerated and reserved powers define the authorities of the federal and state governments in the U.S. system, with examples illustrating their scope.
Enumerated powers, also known as explicit powers, are powers specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution. They include the authority to declare war, regulate interstate and foreign commerce, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs.
Reserved powers, on the other hand, are powers not granted to the federal government and are therefore reserved for the states. These powers encompass regulating intrastate commerce, conducting elections, establishing public schools, and maintaining local governments.
In the system of concurrent powers, both the federal and state governments have authority in certain areas. Prohibiting the right to vote based on race falls under this category, demonstrating a shared responsibility between the federal and state levels.
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