To identify the spectator ions in the reaction [tex]\(2 \text{H}^+ + 2 \text{NO}_3^- + \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2 \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{Ca}^{2+} + 2 \text{NO}_3^- + 2 \text{H}_2\text{O}\)[/tex], we need to follow these steps:
1. Understand Spectator Ions:
Spectator ions are ions that do not participate in the chemical reaction. They appear unchanged on both the reactant and product sides of the equation.
2. Identify All Ions and Molecules:
On the reactant side, we have the following ions and molecules:
- [tex]\(2 \text{H}^+\)[/tex]
- [tex]\(2 \text{NO}_3^-\)[/tex]
- [tex]\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)[/tex]
- [tex]\(2 \text{OH}^-\)[/tex]
On the product side, we have:
- [tex]\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)[/tex] (unchanged)
- [tex]\(2 \text{NO}_3^-\)[/tex] (unchanged)
- [tex]\(2 \text{H}_2\text{O}\)[/tex]
3. Compare Reactants and Products:
Compare the ions and molecules on both sides to see which ones remain unchanged:
- [tex]\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)[/tex] appears on both sides unchanged.
- [tex]\(2 \text{NO}_3^-\)[/tex] appears on both sides unchanged.
- [tex]\(2 \text{H}^+\)[/tex] reacts with [tex]\(2 \text{OH}^-\)[/tex] to form water [tex]\(2 \text{H}_2\text{O}\)[/tex].
4. Determine Spectator Ions:
The ions that remain unchanged on both sides of the reaction are the spectator ions. Here, we see that:
- [tex]\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)[/tex] remains unchanged.
- [tex]\(2 \text{NO}_3^-\)[/tex] remains unchanged.
Thus, the spectator ions in this reaction are [tex]\(\text{Ca}^{2+}\)[/tex] and [tex]\(\text{NO}_3^-\)[/tex].
Answer:
The spectator ions are [tex]\( \text{Ca}^{2+} \)[/tex] and [tex]\( \text{NO}_{3}^{-} \)[/tex].
