To determine the typical alkalinity pH range, let's consider each of the given options.
a) 7.0 to 14: This range includes the neutral point (7.0) and extends all the way to the highest pH value, 14. However, the neutral pH at 7.0 doesn't quite fit within the definition of alkalinity, which starts just above neutral.
b) 7.1 to 14: This range starts just above the neutral point (7.0) and extends to the highest pH value, 14. This fits well within the definition of alkalinity, covering the pH values considered to be alkaline.
c) 8.0 to 14: This range starts further above the neutral point and extends to the highest pH value, 14. While this is also within the alkaline spectrum, it excludes the range just above neutral pH that is still considered alkaline.
Considering all the provided options, the most fitting range for alkalinity is:
b) 7.1 to 14
Therefore, the correct answer is 2.
