Gaseous Exchange: End of Topic Exercises

Section A

Question 1

1.1

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A-D) next to the question number (1.1.1 - 1.1.5) on your answer sheet, for example, 1.1.6 D.

1.1.1 Cilia are found lining which of the following structures?
A. Larynx
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
D. Pleural membranes

1.1.2 Air breathed out is different from air breathed in because it:
A. Contains less carbon dioxide.
B. Is cooler.
C. Is drier.
D. Contains less oxygen.

1.1.3 The lungs of a long-term smoker will have:
A. Constricted bronchioles.
B. Thinner walls.
C. A larger surface area.
D. An increased capacity for gaseous exchange.

1.1.4 Which of the following does not occur during inhalation in a human?
A. Pressure within the thoracic cavity increases.
B. The lungs expand.
C. The diaphragm contracts.
D. Pressure in the abdominal cavity increases.

Cilia are found lining the trachea, not the alveoli, larynx, or pleural membranes. The trachea is lined with cilia to help trap dust and particles, while the alveoli are covered with surfactant to reduce surface tension.

Air breathed out is different from air breathed in because it is drier, not cooler, and contains more carbon dioxide. The air you exhale has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapor due to gas exchange processes in the body.

The lungs of a long-term smoker will have constricted bronchioles, not thinner walls or increased capacity for gas exchange. Smoking can lead to the constriction of airways due to inflammation and mucus production.

During inhalation in humans, the pressure within the thoracic cavity decreases, not increases. The diaphragm contracts, causing the lungs to expand, and pressure in the abdominal cavity may increase slightly.

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