To determine which of the substances will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], we need to exam their freezing points.
Given the freezing points of the substances:
- Benzene: [tex]\(5.50^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Water: [tex]\(0.00^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Butane: [tex]\(-138^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
- Nitrogen: [tex]\(-210^{\circ} C\)[/tex]
A substance will solidify when the temperature drops below its freezing point. Therefore, any substance with a freezing point below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex] will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
Reviewing each substance:
- Benzene: Freezes at [tex]\(5.50^{\circ} C\)[/tex], which is above [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], so benzene will not solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
- Water: Freezes at exactly [tex]\(0.00^{\circ} C\)[/tex], so water will begin to solidify right at [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
- Butane: Freezes at [tex]\(-138^{\circ} C\)[/tex], which is well below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], so butane will have already solidified before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
- Nitrogen: Freezes at [tex]\(-210^{\circ} C\)[/tex], which is also well below [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex], so nitrogen will have already solidified before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex].
Thus, the substances that will solidify before the temperature reaches [tex]\(0^{\circ} C\)[/tex] are:
- Butane
- Nitrogen
