Sure, let's walk through constructing examples of aldehyde, ketone, and acid compounds, and understanding the fermentation reaction where ethanol is obtained.
### Construction of Other Examples
#### Aldehyde
Aldehydes have the functional group [tex]\( -CHO \)[/tex].
- Example 1: Methanal (Formaldehyde) - [tex]\( HCHO \)[/tex]
- Example 2: Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) - [tex]\( CH_3CHO \)[/tex]
- Example 3: Propanal - [tex]\( CH_3CH_2CHO \)[/tex]
#### Ketone
Ketones have the functional group [tex]\( -CO- \)[/tex].
- Example 1: Propanone (Acetone) - [tex]\( CH_3COCH_3 \)[/tex]
- Example 2: Butanone - [tex]\( CH_3COCH_2CH_3 \)[/tex]
- Example 3: 2-Pentanone - [tex]\( CH_3COCH_2CH_2CH_3 \)[/tex]
#### Acid
Carboxylic acids have the functional group [tex]\( -COOH \)[/tex].
- Example 1: Methanoic Acid (Formic Acid) - [tex]\( HCOOH \)[/tex]
- Example 2: Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid) - [tex]\( CH_3COOH \)[/tex]
- Example 3: Propanoic Acid - [tex]\( CH_3CH_2COOH \)[/tex]
### Fermentation Reaction
The question refers to a particular fermentation reaction:
[tex]\[
C_6 H_{12} O_6 \rightarrow 2 C_2 H_5 OH + 2 CO_2
\][/tex]
This reaction describes the fermentation process where glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is converted into ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Here’s what's happening step-by-step:
1. Fermentation - This is a biological process where yeast or bacteria convert carbohydrates (like glucose) into alcohol and gas (carbon dioxide in this case).
2. Glucose Breakdown - One molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) breaks down chemically.
3. Ethanol Formation - The breakdown produces two molecules of ethanol (C₂H₅OH), also known as ethyl alcohol, which is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
4. Carbon Dioxide Release - The reaction also releases two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂), which in many fermentation processes results in the production of gas bubbles.
This reaction is widely used in the production of alcoholic beverages and biofuels. In the case of brewing beer or spirits, the carbon dioxide sometimes adds carbonation, while the ethanol is the desired intoxicating product.
I hope this explanation and construction of examples help you understand the topic better. Feel free to ask if you have any questions!
